Publications, Budgets & Decision Aids
Publications, Budgets & Decision Aids
In today’s farming culture, the goal of most producers is to be at the top of the profitability curve in order to stay competitive. We are dedicated to providing farmers, producers, and other agricultural professionals with the tools and resources they need to make informed decisions about their operations.
Through our publications, we offer in-depth analysis of market trends, production techniques, and regulatory changes that can impact the profitability of farming enterprises. Our budgeting tools are designed to help users track expenses, monitor revenue streams, and maximize their financial efficiency. Additionally, our decision aids provide guidance on crop selection, resource allocation, and risk management strategies.
All Resources
Browse our full library of resources including articles, publications, budgets, decision aids, and departmental announcements with options to search by topic, category, and author.
Browse ResourcesPublications
Grains
Published on Apr. 17, 2024
These custom rates are based on reported surveys in Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Kansas. The rates calculated here are averages for these states and are adjusted to account for changes in fuel price, machinery costs1, and wages2 from the time of the reported surveys.
Read ItemPublished on Feb. 1, 2018
In 2018 Agriculture and Natural Resource (ANR) agents were surveyed to estimate land values and rental rates for various types of farmland. A total of 70 ANR agents completed this survey out of 120 counties, representing approximately 60% of the state total.
Read ItemPublished on Sep. 1, 2017
Weather risk plays a unique role and influences many decisions made on the farm. Weather determines when you can get into the field and your ability to perform timely operations such as planting, fertilizing, spraying, and harvesting. Delays from weather events of time-sensitive operations will result in substantial yield and economic losses.
Read ItemPublished on Sep. 1, 2016
While transporting grain to the market may be the last input cost in the production of grain, it is a critical decision a producer has to make, especially when margins are thin. Determining which market to sell your grain (if you have options) can be a complex decision.
Read ItemPublished on Jul. 1, 2016
A custom Google Map has been created to include the 80+ locations of grain and oilseed markets across Kentucky and into Tennessee and Ohio. Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemForages
Published on Apr. 17, 2024
These custom rates are based on reported surveys in Ohio, Indiana, Missouri, Iowa, Wisconsin, and Kansas. The rates calculated here are averages for these states and are adjusted to account for changes in fuel price, machinery costs1, and wages2 from the time of the reported surveys.
Read ItemPublished on Feb. 1, 2018
In 2018 Agriculture and Natural Resource (ANR) agents were surveyed to estimate land values and rental rates for various types of farmland. A total of 70 ANR agents completed this survey out of 120 counties, representing approximately 60% of the state total.
Read ItemPublished on Sep. 1, 2017
Weather risk plays a unique role and influences many decisions made on the farm. Weather determines when you can get into the field and your ability to perform timely operations such as planting, fertilizing, spraying, and harvesting. Delays from weather events of time-sensitive operations will result in substantial yield and economic losses.
Read ItemPublished on Jul. 30, 2015
The winter of 2014-2015 will be remembered for a long time by cattle producers. Multiple large snow storms and several rounds of extremely low temperatures created management challenges and led to increased hay feeding over the winter.
Read ItemPublished on Aug. 28, 2014
Corn silage has historically been an attractive alternative for livestock producers when grain prices are relatively low (pre-2006). Corn prices have been extremely high in the last half-dozen years and as a consequence, provided fewer opportunities for profitably feeding silage for beef cattle.
Read ItemLivestock
Published on Feb. 1, 2021
Cattlemen in Kentucky have an opportunity to participate in the most rigorous educational programming in the United States.
Read ItemPublished on Sep. 1, 2017
Milk is a heavily regulated commodity, and therefore there are a large number of rules that pertain to its production and processing. These regulations are enforced within regional boundaries called federal milk marketing orders.
Read ItemPublished on Sep. 1, 2017
The regulation of milk is an important part of the development of the milk industry and an understanding of the history of milk regulation is critical to understanding the pros and cons of the current industry. Additionally, to understand milk pricing it is important to understand the history of the federal milk marketing orders.
Read ItemPublished on Nov. 1, 2015
Beef cattle were routinely finished locally in Kentucky and other parts of the upper south before the 1950s, primarily on pasture with some grain or by-products from distilleries and grain processing mills.
Read ItemPublished on Aug. 28, 2014
Corn silage has historically been an attractive alternative for livestock producers when grain prices are relatively low (pre-2006). Corn prices have been extremely high in the last half-dozen years and as a consequence, provided fewer opportunities for profitably feeding silage for beef cattle.
Read ItemPublished on Aug. 1, 2013
Futures markets are used by cattle producers in three ways. First, the futures market is an excellent source of price information. It responds very quickly to information that affects supply and demand in the marketplace and can be used as a rough gauge as to what is going on in these markets.
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 1, 2013
Price volatility in feeder cattle markets has greatly increased over the last several years. While there are many reasons for the increase in price volatility, some of the more common factors include volatility in grain and fed cattle prices, variability in weather, and an increased dependence on exports.
Read ItemPublished on Feb. 1, 2013
Price volatility in feeder cattle markets has greatly increased since 2007. While there are many reasons for the increase in price volatility, some of the more common factors include volatility in grain and fed cattle prices, variability in weather, and an increased dependence on exports.
Read ItemManagement
Published on Apr. 1, 2021
We have smartphone apps for everything these days, including apps for farmers and producers in areas such as marketing, management, policy, agribusiness, and economic development. This publication provides an overview of apps designed to aid in these areas, which topics they cover, and their availability via Apple or Google smartphones.
Read ItemPublished on Jan. 7, 2021
Depreciation can often become an overlooked area for a farming operation. Yet, it plays a major role in both taxes and profitability. A possible reason could be that when most people hear depreciation, they jump directly to tax depreciation.
Read ItemPublished on Sep. 1, 2020
An effort to rely on renewable resources instead of nonrenewable has the potential to meet the increased global demand for electricity. Both solar and wind energy have the potential to offset a significant fraction of non-renewable electricity demands, yet it occupies extensive land when deployed at levels large enough to meet global demand.
Read ItemPublished on Apr. 1, 2019
Farmers have been facing many financial stress issues related to commodity prices and the overall farm economy.
Read ItemPublished on Dec. 1, 2017
This collection of papers is the result of efforts by a group of Extension economists across the South. The genesis for these educational programs began where all good extension education programs begin: the needs of farmers and ranchers in the region. Booms and busts in the agricultural economy are not new.
Read ItemPublished on Aug. 1, 2000
This publication is designed to help producers evaluate new enterprises for their farms or family businesses. It is based on a set of worksheets to help evaluate the Profitability, Resource requirements, Information needs, Marketing decisions, Enthusiasm for, and the Risk associated with a new enterprise.
Read ItemPolicy & Trade
Published on May. 12, 2021
Farmers and agribusinesses closely monitor changes in commodity and input prices, crop yields, rates of gains on livestock, the latest technology, and of course, the weather. However, changes in macroeconomic variables such as interest rates, inflation, income growth, and exchange rates, often have a much greater impact on their bottom line.
Read ItemPublished on Apr. 1, 2020
With 95% of the world’s population residing outside of the United States, coupled with around 20% of U.S. farm production (or 1/3 of ag cash receipts) being purchased by foreign consumers, agricultural trade is a critical component of the U.S. farm economy.
Read ItemPublished on Jan. 1, 2019
The 2018 Farm Bill was passed by Congress and signed by the President last month. In reality, the structure of the 2018 Farm Bill is not much different than the previous farm bill (2014) with crop insurance, Agricultural Risk Coverage (ARC) and Price Loss Coverage (PLC) remaining the main safety net components for program crops.
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 1, 2014
After several years of debate, extensions and much uncertainty the 2014 Farm Bill --- The Agricultural Act of 2014 was signed into law by President Obama on February 7, 2014 which establishes nutrition, commodity, crop insurance, conservation, and other ag/food programs for next five years (2014-2018).
Read ItemSpecialty Crops
General, Crop-specific, and System-specific publications are available through the Center for Crop Diversification.
Budgets & Decision Aids
Grains
Published on Mar. 31, 2024
Purpose: This Decision Aid has been constructed to help producers budget for corn and soybean production. Machinery Options Evaluated: No-Till Corn, Conventional Tillage Corn, No-Till Soybeans
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 31, 2024
Purpose: This Decision Aid has been constructed to help producers budget for corn and soybean production. Machinery Options Evaluated: No-Till Corn, Conventional Tillage Corn, Customized Corn, No-Till Soybeans, Conventional Soybeans, Customized Soybeans.
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 31, 2024
Purpose: This Decision Aid has been constructed to help producers budget for corn and soybean production. Machinery Options Evaluated: No-Till Corn, Conventional Tillage Corn, No-Till Soybeans
Read ItemPublished on Oct. 1, 2023
Purpose: This Decision Aid has been constructed to help budget for wheat or wheat double-crop soybean production. Machinery Options Evaluated: No-Till Wheat, No-Till Weat and No-Till Soybeans Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemPublished on Aug. 25, 2021
This decision tool has been created to help producers determine the economic value of poultry litter. The tool is customizable to reflect each individuals situation when selling, purchasing, and/or applying poultry litter.
Read ItemPublished on Apr. 1, 2021
Purpose: This Decision Aid has been constructed to help budget for GMO, Heirloom, and Non-GMO corn production. Machinery Options Evaluated: No-Till and Conventional production of GMO, Heirloom, and Non-GMO corn varieties. Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemPublished on Jun. 1, 2019
This decision tool has been created to assist producers in calculating the direct cost of implementing cover crops into their current rotation. This tool uses input and machinery costs to generate an estimated cost associated with growing cover crops. No revenue streams or beneficial factors were taken into account in this tool.
Read ItemPublished on Oct. 1, 2018
This decision tool has been created to assist producers in calculating costs based on owning the equipment or custom hire rates. It is assumed that the baling operation follows the combine during (or soon after) the harvesting of wheat for grain. Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemPublished on Oct. 1, 2018
Kentucky has over 200 million bushels of on-farm grain storage capacity as of 2016. Since 2002, total on-farm grain storage capacity has increased each year (USDA-NASS, 2017). As a producer evaluates there storage capabilities and post-harvest management strategy, investing in a new grain drying system may be a part of that evaluation.
Read ItemPublished on Apr. 21, 2016
Purpose: This Decision Aid has been constructed to help producers decide between sorghum and corn production.
Read ItemPublished on Apr. 1, 2016
This decision tool has been created to help producers choose what buyer to sell their grain to based on the hauling cost to each location, cash price each buyer is offering, and the moisture discount method each buyer implements. Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 1, 2016
This spreadsheet is designed to assist the land owner and producer in deciding if a flexible cash lease can accommodate their situation. The user determines the expected flex rent based on a series of input questions and then compares it to a typical cash lease. The spreadsheet also estimates the gross profit per year based on this input.
Read ItemPublished on Jul. 29, 2015
This decision tool has been created to aid producers in calculating the price of fertilizers. Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemForages
Published on Aug. 15, 2016
This decision tool has been created to help producers determine the economic value of poultry litter. The tool is customizable to reflect each individuals situation when selling, purchasing, and/or applying poultry litter.
Read ItemPublished on Aug. 21, 2015
This budget tool has been constructed to estimate the grazing cost on a per cow per day basis, hay feeding costs on a per cow per day basis, the fertilizer value of feeding hay to a cow for a day, and the labor and machinery costs for grazing and hay feeding. Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemPublished on Jul. 29, 2015
This decision tool has been created to aid producers in calculating the price of fertilizers. Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 31, 2010
This decision tool has been created to help budget for switchgrass biomass production and to compare profitability to hay production (both with either large round or large square bales). Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemPublished on Apr. 1, 2006
Included in this publication is an Alfalfa Hay budget, a Grass / Mixed Hay budget, a basic pasture maintenance budget, and an E+ Fescue Replacement budget.
Read ItemLivestock
Published on Nov. 1, 2023
This publication contains budgets for production of selected livestock enterprises in Kentucky. The purpose of these budgets is to serve as a management and decision-making guide for current and prospective producers of these enterprises.
Read ItemPublished on Jun. 10, 2017
Purpose: This decision tool was developed to assist current and potential producers with estimating their costs and returns for a small scale layer enterprise.
Read ItemPublished on Jun. 4, 2017
Purpose: This decision tool was developed to assist current and potential producers with estimating their costs and returns for a small scale broiler enterprise. Options Evaluated: The management style options are broken down into two categories: stationary and mobile housing.
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 31, 2016
This spreadsheet has been created to help plan systems for finishing beef cattle and evaluate the potential profitability of various pasture-based production systems. The user inputs calving/weaning dates, weaning weight, gains during the year, and desired finish weight.
Read ItemPublished on Jan. 14, 2016
This spreadsheet is designed to evaluate the investment potential for bred heifers. The user estimates expected revenue based on a series of input questions as well as cow maintenance costs. The spreadsheet then estimates the gross profit per year based on this input.
Read ItemPublished on Aug. 21, 2015
This budget tool has been constructed to estimate the grazing cost on a per cow per day basis, hay feeding costs on a per cow per day basis, the fertilizer value of feeding hay to a cow for a day, and the labor and machinery costs for grazing and hay feeding. Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemPublished on Jul. 29, 2015
This decision tool has been created to aid producers in calculating the price of fertilizers. Author(s) Contact Information:
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 1, 2006
This publication contains budgets for production of selected equine enterprises in Kentucky. The purpose of these budgets is to serve as a management and decision-making guide for current and prospective horse owners. These budgets are not intended to replace an owner's own records and estimates.
Read ItemPublished on Apr. 29, 2003
This publication contains budgets for production of meat goat enterprises in Kentucky. The purpose of these budgets is to serve as a management and decision-making guide for current and prospective producers of these enterprises.
Read ItemTobacco
Published on Mar. 1, 2024
Revised March 2024. Author(s) Contact Information: Alan B. Halloway | University of Tennessee Mitchell Richmond | University of Tennessee Andy Bailey | University of Kentucky
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 1, 2024
Revised March 2024. Author(s) Contact Information: Alan B. Halloway | University of Tennessee Mitchell Richmond | University of Tennessee Andy Bailey | University of Kentucky
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 1, 2024
Revised March 2024. Author(s) Contact Information: Alan B. Halloway | University of Tennessee Mitchell Richmond | University of Tennessee Andy Bailey | University of Kentucky
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 1, 2024
Revised March 2024. Author(s) Contact Information: Alan B. Halloway | University of Tennessee Mitchell Richmond | University of Tennessee Andy Bailey | University of Kentucky
Read ItemPublished on Mar. 1, 2024
Revised March 2024. Author(s) Contact Information: Alan B. Halloway | University of Tennessee Mitchell Richmond | University of Tennessee Andy Bailey | University of Kentucky
Read ItemSpecialty Crops
Budgets for Fruits and Vegetables, as well as Nursery, Greenhouse, and Ornamental Crops are available through the Center for Crop Diversification.
Additional Resources.
Published on Mar. 1, 2024
Our Commodity Marketing Calendar is an essential tool for any farm looking to maximize their profits and stay ahead of market trends. This comprehensive calendar provides detailed information on key events and factors that can impact commodity prices, helping businesses make informed decisions about when to buy or sell.
Read ItemPublished on Jan. 27, 2017
Poultry Litter - Lessons from the Delmarva and the Ohio Valley - recorded at Owensboro Ag Expo, this panel of a Delmarva-area (Delmarva = Delaware, Maryland and Virginia) producer of poultry litter, a Delmarva-area custom hauler and applicator of poultry litter and three farmers in Kentucky who use this nutrient-rich resource talk about its regu
Read ItemConnect with Us.
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